Tag: spiritual fruit

Christ’s Parable of the Sower (Matthew 13:1-9, 18-23)

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality Blog, Daily Bible Reading Blog, Year ALeave a comment
“The Sower” by Vincent Van Gogh, 1881

…Jesus left the house and sat on the beach. In no time at all a crowd gathered along the shoreline, forcing him to get into a boat. Using the boat as a pulpit, he addressed his congregation, telling stories.

“What do you make of this? A farmer planted seed. As he scattered the seed, some of it fell on the road, and birds ate it. Some fell in the gravel; it sprouted quickly but didn’t put down roots, so when the sun came up it withered just as quickly. Some fell in the weeds; as it came up, it was strangled by the weeds. Some fell on good earth, and produced a harvest beyond his wildest dreams.

“Are you listening to this? Really listening?”…

“Study this story of the farmer planting seed. When anyone hears news of the kingdom and doesn’t take it in, it just remains on the surface, and so the Evil One comes along and plucks it right out of that person’s heart. This is the seed the farmer scatters on the road.

“The seed cast in the gravel—this is the person who hears and instantly responds with enthusiasm. But there is no soil of character, and so when the emotions wear off and some difficulty arrives, there is nothing to show for it.

“The seed cast in the weeds is the person who hears the kingdom news, but weeds of worry and illusions about getting more and wanting everything under the sun strangle what was heard, and nothing comes of it.

“The seed cast on good earth is the person who hears and takes in the News, and then produces a harvest beyond his wildest dreams.” (The Message)

It takes focused attention to listen well. Allowing the understanding of Christ’s words to awash over us – drinking-in the life-giving good news – is required for the act of listening to achieve its intended purpose.

It is most necessary that we all develop the skill of effective listening, so as to understand what is being said. And yet, understanding, as important as it is – all by itself – is inadequate. If hearing isn’t accompanied by obedient follow-through, then all the listening comes to nothing.

Christian discipleship (following the words and the ways of Jesus) demands that the believer takes Christ’s words and walks faithfully in the way of the good news, which has been absorbed into the mind and heart through effective listening.

Failing to both listen and put the words into practice is like the person who looks into the mirror and then walks away forgetting what he looks like.

Don’t fool yourself into thinking that you are a listener when you are anything but, letting the Word go in one ear and out the other. Act on what you hear! Those who hear and don’t act are like those who glance in the mirror, walk away, and two minutes later have no idea who they are, what they look like.

But whoever catches a glimpse of the revealed counsel of God—the free life!—even out of the corner of his eye, and sticks with it, is no distracted scatterbrain but a man or woman of action. That person will find delight and affirmation in the action. (James 1:22-25, MSG)

Appropriate and fruitful action begins with, and is dependent upon, attentive and effective listening – which is why the ability to hear the words of Jesus are so very vital to our lives.

“The Sower” by Vincent Van Gogh, 1888

The Parable

Our ears are the soil of our lives. Ears that are attentive and devoted to listening to Jesus are good soil; ears that are distracted, inattentive, and/or stopped up with ear wax are the bad soil. 

Receptive listening to the Word of God brings a fruitful harvest of righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit (Romans 14:17). Christ’s parable lets us know that planting the Word is important. It is sown on four different soils:

  1. The seed on the road. A path is for walking; and for us, a road is for driving – which is why the seed never takes root. Here there is no real listening. When we act without listening, our actions will inevitably be misguided. 
  2. The seed on gravel. Here there is no deep listening. A lack of attentive hearing results in a shallow person who perhaps relies more on Christian clichés or on one’s personality or abilities, instead of the planted Word.
  3. The seed in the weeds. Here there is some significant listening. However, there are too many voices being heard, and not enough singular listening to the sown Word. Listening to the wrong voices will cause an unfruitful life, so we must be careful to whom we choose to give our listening ears to!
  4. The seed on good earth. A devoted listening to the Word without distraction leads to a productive, fruitful believer.

The Parable Interpreted

The interpretation of the parable which Jesus provided to his disciples focuses on the experience of the seed in a variety of soils, as well as the outside powers which act on the message. It all demonstrates that the words of Jesus – the good news of Christ – is central to our lives, and needs to be received well.

  1. The road is the person who hears the message yet is unable to hear Christ’s words because their heart is hard. The forces of evil snatch up the message before any real understanding, and therefore action, can take place. We must observe that the forces of evil are real; they have the ability to influence people with listening issues.
  2. The gravel is the person who hears just enough to respond with joy but drops out when hard circumstances come around. “I didn’t sign up for this!” is their cry. What they needed was to count the cost of discipleship before responding to the message. This is the mere professing Christian, nothing more. Rather than listening well, and internalizing Christ’s words, there is only positive affirmation without any action or practice. Therefore tomorrow, the message is gone.  When difficulty comes, there are no supporting words to draw from. The person then fades away, unable to navigate life successfully.
  3. The weedy soil hears and responds to the message; and is also a professing Christian, nothing more. The issue with such persons is that they also listen to the voices of worry and wealth. Like some sort of spiritual A.D.D., there is no ability to filter all the voices calling out; and so, there is no growth. The words of Jesus for us must reign supreme; there cannot be two thrones of Wealth and Word, nor two Masters of both God and Money.
  4. The good earth listens with the full intention of understanding, and then puts into practice the message heard. This is what brings about the fruit of righteousness and peace in both the individual and the community. Receiving the implanted word through careful listening brings about spiritual growth.  The first priority must be to listening well to this word. And when an entire group listens well and acts accordingly, then it creates a greenhouse effect in which people cannot help but grow in the Lord.

Conclusion

Jesus was not saying anything new, or what wasn’t already in the First Testament:

How well God must like you—
    you don’t walk in the ruts of those blind-as-bats,
    you don’t stand with the good-for-nothings,
    you don’t take your seat among the know-it-alls.

Instead you thrill to God’s Word,
    you chew on Scripture day and night.
You’re a tree replanted in Eden,
    bearing fresh fruit every month,
Never dropping a leaf,
    always in blossom. (Psalm 1:1-3, MSG)

We live in a time of great conflict – largely due to the refusal to listen well to one another, and to Holy Scripture, especially the New Testament Gospels.

Esoteric and harmful interpretations of the Bible result from failing to hear what Scripture itself is saying to us, especially the words of Jesus. Ignoring the Gospels and myopically focusing on particular parts of the Bible is a sure prescription for poor hearing, and thus, misguided decisions and actions.

This is just one reason why reading Scripture aloud with others in a communal setting is important. Robust discussion around the spoken word is what helps us to move in the sort of directions which the Spirit is leading us.

It is what Jesus and his original disciples did. We must do no less.

O Ancient and Wise Gardener, your holy word is planted in our hearts as good seed in fertile soil. So, nurture us, so that we may bear fruit abundantly, through your Son, Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Fruit of the Spirit

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality BlogLeave a comment

The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. (Galatians 5:22-23, CEB)

It takes little effort to have a bad attitude; to slip a bit of gossip into the day; or to go along with the crowd in a divisive conversation. However, it takes a good deal of humility, energy, and commitment in order to live into the fruit of the Spirit.

On the one hand, the believer in Jesus Christ has been graciously given such fruit; we possess it by means of the Spirit. On the other hand, it feels as if we still need this fruit to be given to us, because our daily experience of it is such a struggle.

For me, experiencing the fruit of the Spirit is a bit like buying something from Ikea; I have it, but it needs to be put together. And I’m not so good at making sense of the directions and actually getting the thing in working condition.

Yes, there will be some frustration tapping into our spiritual reservoir and accessing the fruit provided for us. Yet, it’s totally worth it. In fact, the nine elements of spiritual fruit mentioned in the New Testament book of Galatians are experiences people really want to have – whether they are Christian, or not.

One of the reasons folks may become overwhelmed with the Spirit’s fruit is that they look at those nine words as nine different “fruits.” However, the grammar of the text is clearly not plural but singular. In other words, the “fruit” of the Spirit is one packaged piece.

It may be tempting to relieve ourselves of any responsibility or accountability with this fruit by saying, “I’m good at being kind and good, but I really have problems with patience and self-control.”

But the text doesn’t allow for such thinking. To not possess any one of the nine words is to not have the entire nine. The Holy Spirit of God is not divided; when the Spirit gives, it’s the whole kit-and-caboodle.

After all, the believer in Jesus seeks to be a person of integrity and wholeness, being aligned fully in all aspects of life around the person and work of Christ. Any fragmentation belies the reality that one, no matter how apparently peaceful or gentle, is attempting to manifest spiritual fruit on one’s own power.

There is a big difference  between trying to control the process of Christian sanctification (becoming holy) and exercising self-control. And there is an even wider chasm between accessing and using the accepted spiritual fruit, and trying to go on a self-improvement project that is disconnected from God’s given grace.

In truth, believers already have everything they need for life and godliness in this present evil age (2 Peter 1:3). The seed has been firmly planted within the soul. We possess the fruit. Yet, that fruit must grow and mature before it is ripe enough to eat. There is still the work of cultivating and nurturing to do, so that we might flower and flourish.

We only need the essential conditions to grow. Any seed – no matter what kind – will grow and produce a harvest if it has the proper amounts of sun, rain, and good soil. Then, we never need to wonder what will happen; the seed will grow.

As spiritual farmers, we need to be daily working in the field our soul, keeping the weeds and the critters out, so that there is no obstacle or impediment to the growth and maturity of our precious fruit.

If we need to build a fence, we build it. If we must buy or borrow a hoe, we do it. Whatever needs to happen to guard what we possess, we are committed to doing it.

None of us ever produces a seed. Not even in this modern age of genetically modified seeds can we do this. The scientist only manipulates what is already there; he cannot create a seed ex nihilo.

So, we have this tremendous spiritual fruit, graciously given to us by means of God’s Spirit. Perhaps the million dollar question is:

How do I access this grace? How can I realize the fruit of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control in my life?

We have no further to look than to the very words of the Lord Jesus himself:

Very truly I tell you, unless a kernel of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains only a single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds. Anyone who loves their life will lose it, while anyone who hates their life in this world will keep it for eternal life. Whoever serves me must follow me; and where I am, my servant also will be. (John 12:24-26, NIV)

We must die to ourselves. There is no other way. Christ demonstrated the way by dying and being placed in the earth. Only then could he rise from death. And only then could his disciples have their faith come to fruition, spreading gospel seed throughout the world.

For one cannot have a resurrection unless there is first a crucifixion. There must be suffering before glory.

That, my friend, is the cost of discipleship. It’s the cost of realizing the spiritual fruit that you and I long for in our lives. This is the struggle we must go through to experience the life that is truly life.

Heavenly Father, in you I live and move and have my being. I humbly pray You so to guide and govern me by your Holy Spirit, that in all cares and occupations of my life I may not forget You, but remember I am ever walking in Your sight, exhibiting Your fruit; through Jesus Christ my Lord. Amen.

The Divine Gardener

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality BlogLeave a comment
The Artist’s Garden at Vétheuil, by Claude Monet, 1881

The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. (Galatians 5:22-23, Common English Bible)

Soon it will be Spring. Many people are already planning for the soil in fields and gardens to be turned over for planting and cultivating.

Healthy plants grow and feed many. They don’t simply occur by happenstance. And neither does things like morality, ethics, and living an altruistic life; they don’t just happen.

Virtue and a good life are the result of solid and robust inner work within the soul.

The daily overall trajectory of personal and institutional life demonstrates whether they are driven by egoistic desires, or influenced from an inner garden of delectable fruit which has been wisely plucked for others to enjoy.

 “A good tree doesn’t produce bad fruit, nor does a bad tree produce good fruit. Each tree is known by its own fruit. People don’t gather figs from thorny plants, nor do they pick grapes from prickly bushes. A good person produces good from the good treasury of the inner self, while an evil person produces evil from the evil treasury of the inner self. The inner self overflows with words that are spoken.”

Jesus (Luke 6:43-45, Common English Bible)

The Apostle James learned well from his Teacher when he said:

My brothers and sisters, can a fig tree produce olives? Can a grapevine produce figs? (James 3:12, Common English Bible)

The soul is a garden which must have a faithful gardener to continually attend to it. There is a constant need for paying attention to the plants through consistent weeding, watering, and nurturing the seeds placed in good rich soil.

If we will but only allow it, the Holy Spirit of God can be our Divine Gardener, being the elements we need for growth, maturity, and a good life which produces good succulent fruit for many to enjoy.

Apart from the Spirit’s warming, watering, and protecting, people can easily degenerate into all kinds of illicit thinking and behavior such as immorality, moral corruption, doing whatever feels good, idolatry, substance abuse, casting evil spells, hate, fighting, obsessive behaviors, violent anger, competitive opposition, conflict, selfishness, group rivalry,jealousy, and lying.

The Christian virtues which flower and produce the fruit of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control occur through a close intimate connection with the Divine Gardener. 

Our Divine spiritual Gardener knows that all things are connected – that below the surface the roots of every plant become connected with one another. There is really no such thing as a person who is disconnected from the rest of humanity.

The Artist’s Family In the Garden, by Claude Monet, 1875

Thus, the Apostle Paul, having also learned well, understood that there are not spiritual “fruits,” but only spiritual “fruit.” That is, the nine virtues Paul mentioned are the “fruit of the Spirit,” not “fruits.”

In other words, all virtuous words and behavior are connected with each other. When a person or an organization has the Divine Gardener attending to them, all nine of the Christian values are a collective basket of fruit which cannot be separated from one another.

So then, if we look at the list of spiritual fruit in the New Testament book of Galatians and say something like, “Well, I’m pretty good at kindness and goodness, but I don’t have much peace or patience,” then what this really means is that we are likely doing kindness and goodness from a different place than by means of the Holy Spirit.

Because when the Spirit is manifested in us, we exhibit spiritual fruit. We cannot separate the nine spiritual virtues any more than we can separate the Trinity. They’re all one spiritual fruit, cultivated and produced within the inner person by the agency of God’s Spirit, our Divine Gardener.

Perhaps we need to consider what is happening in the ground, underneath the surface, which is the shadow side of our lives that no one sees.

For example, it could be that we are driven far more by our ego and our anxiety about most things than about genuine altruism and love. The results of our actions and words may look the same or similar, but the motivation might be far from truly altruistic.

Any sort of “fruit” will simply not last if our actions spring from a place of ego control and worry – because it is not of the Spirit.

Both persons and institutions must mortify (put to death) the deeds and the weeds of the sinful nature.

I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And the life that I now live in my body, I live by faith, indeed, by the faithfulness of God’s Son, who loved me and gave himself for me.

The Apostle Paul (Galatians 2:20, Common English Bible)

The Spirit will always have us in the good rich soil of Christ, so that when we are planted and receive the proper amounts of spiritual sun and living water, we will most certainly produce a hundredfold crop.

Then, we learn to make proper and right judgments about what is happening in our world. We are able to see the thief in the garden who cares only to pick fruit he has neither planted nor cared for, having no intention of sharing anything, but instead seeks to amass a gluttonous basket for his own self.

There is a great need for virtuous living, ethical sensibilities, and wise discernment among everyone in this world.

We are now observing what happens when a people are ignorant of how true righteousness, justice, goodness, and peace are grown and developed in any culture, society, and government. Fools are allowed to roam the garden, and they make a complete mess of things.

Let us all do our part in ensuring that genuine spiritual fruit is produced, coming from the true self. Disconnection, destruction, and chaos are the fruit of a bad tree. Then, it is only fit to cut down and thrown into the fire.

Jesus said:

“Every good tree produces good fruit, and every rotten tree produces bad fruit. A good tree can’t produce bad fruit. And a rotten tree can’t produce good fruit. Every tree that doesn’t produce good fruit is chopped down and thrown into the fire. Therefore, you will know them by their fruit.” (Matthew 7:17-20, Common English Bible)

Therefore, beware, watch out, and be wise in the way your own soul is cultivated, and how you discern the souls of others.

For the Christian, the season of Lent is the best and most appropriate time to focus upon spiritual disciplines which help connect us with Christ and with one another.

Daily attention to the garden of our soul prepares us for Holy Week by participating with Jesus in both his crucifixion and resurrection. All that is wrong and sinful in this old fallen world is put to death, and a new life of virtuous and altruistic living is enjoyed.

And the beauty of it all is that it will organically spring from the depths of a well-cultivated soul garden. The Divine Gardener stands ready with both hose and hoe to bring about the fruit of the Spirit.

Soli Deo Gloria

A Prayer of Reception and Resistance (Warfare Prayer)

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality Blog2 Comments

Almighty God, blessed heavenly Father:

I bow in worship and praise before You. I take upon myself the yoke of the Lord Jesus Christ. I take up His words and ways, His person and work, and cover myself with His very life as my protection. (Matthew 11:29-30; Romans 13:14)

I surrender myself to You, gracious God; completely submit every area of my life to Christ; and listen to the Holy Spirit. Therefore, I now take a stand against all the work of evil and every satanic stratagem that seeks to hinder me in my prayer life. I address myself only to You, true and living God, and refuse any sinister involvement of demonic forces in my prayers. (Matthew 23:12; Mark 9:7; Ephesians 6:11)

Whatever you ask for in prayer with faith, you will receive.

Jesus (Matthew 21:22)

As a blood-bought believer and adopted child into the family of God, I take up the authority and position graciously given to me because of the work of Jesus Christ on my behalf. Therefore, Satan, I command you, in the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ, to leave my presence with all of your demons. I bring the person and work of the Lord Jesus Christ between us. (Ephesians 1:5, 20-22)

Stay alert! Watch out for your great enemy, the devil. He prowls around like a roaring lion, looking for someone to devour. Stand firm against him, and be strong in your faith.

1 Peter 5:8-9

Blessed Holy Trinity – Father, Son, and Spirit – I worship You alone. I recognize You are worthy to receive all glory, honor, and praise. I renew my allegiance to You and humbly ask that You, Holy Spirit, enable me and strengthen my faith in this time of prayer, and throughout this day. (Ephesians 6:10; Revelation 4:11)

I am thankful, heavenly Father, that You have loved me from eternity past; and that You sent the Lord Jesus Christ into this world to die as my substitute. (Ephesians 1:4, 7)

I am thankful, merciful Christ, that You came as my representative; and that through You I am completely forgiven. Blessed Father, You have adopted me into Your family; You have assumed all responsibility for me; You have given me eternal life; You have given me Your perfect righteousness, so that I am now justified and free. (Ephesians 1:3-14)

I am thankful, gracious God, that in Jesus Christ, and through the Holy Spirit, You have made me complete. You have offered Yourself to me, to be my daily help and strength. Open my eyes that I might see how great You are and how complete Your provision is for me this day. (Matthew 20:33; Romans 16:25-27)

I am thankful, Lord Jesus, that the victory You won on the cross and in Your resurrection has been given to me; and that I am seated with You in heaven. Therefore, I take my place with You, Lord Jesus, and recognize by faith that all wicked spirits, and even Satan himself, are under my feet. I declare that the devil and his demons are subject to me in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. (1 Corinthians 15:54-57; Ephesians 1:22-23)

I am thankful, mighty God, for the armor You have provided. Today, I put on the belt of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, the sandals of peace and the helmet of salvation. I lift up the shield of faith against all the fiery arrows of the enemy; and I take in my hand the sword of the Spirit, the Word of God. I choose to use Your Word against all the forces of evil in my life. I put on this armor and live and  pray in complete dependence upon You, blessed Holy Spirit. (Ephesians 6:13-17)

I am thankful, Lord Jesus, that You disarmed all power and authorities, triumphing over them by the cross. Therefore, I claim all victory for my life today. I reject all the insinuations, accusations, and temptations of Satan.  I affirm that the Word of God is true. I choose to live today in the light of God’s Word. (Colossians 2:13-15)

Everyone who asks, receives.

Jesus (Matthew 7:8)

Heavenly Father, I choose to live in obedience to You and in fellowship with You. Open my eyes and show me the areas of my life that do not please You.  Work in me to cleanse and purify me from all ground that may give evil a foothold in my life. In every way, I stand into all that it means to be Your adopted child. (2 Corinthians 7:1; James 4:8; 1 John 1:7, 9)

Blessed Holy Spirit, I welcome all of Your ministry in my life. By faith and in dependence upon You, I put off the old person and stand into all the victory of the crucifixion where the Lord Jesus Christ provided cleansing from the sinful nature. I put on the new person and stand into all the victory of the resurrection and the provision Christ has made for me to live above sin. (Colossians 3:1-17)

I put off the old nature with its myopic selfishness, crippling fear, and deceitful lusts. In its place, I put on the new nature with its love, courage, righteousness, purity, and honesty. (Romans 13:12-13; 2 Timothy 1:9)

In every way, I stand into the victory of Christ’s ascension and glorification, in which everything was made subject to Him. I claim my place in Christ as victorious with Him over all the enemies of my soul. 

Blessed Holy Spirit, I pray that you would fill me. Come into my life, break down every idol, and cast out every enemy of my soul, because I belong to God! (1 Corinthians 10:14, 21; 1 John 4:18)

I am thankful, wise God, for the expression of Your will for my daily life as You have shown me in Your Word. I, therefore, claim all the will of God for my life today. (John 17:16-18)

I am thankful, blessed Holy Trinity, the God whom I serve, that You have blessed me with every spiritual blessing in Christ; and that before I chose You, You chose me. (Ephesians 1:3-4)

I am thankful, gracious God, that You have given me new life into a living hope by the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. (1 Peter 1:3)

I am thankful, merciful God, that You have made provision for me so that today I can live filled in the Holy Spirit with love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, gentleness, and self-control. I recognize and affirm that this is Your will for me. (Galatians 5:22-26)

So, therefore, almighty God, I reject and resist all the sinister attempts of evil, and of every wicked spirit to rob me of the will of God. I refuse today to believe any feelings of failure and worthlessness; and I hold up the shield of faith against all the accusations, distortions, and insinuations that Satan would put into my mind. I claim the will of God for my life today. (Ephesians 6:16)

In the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ, I completely surrender myself to You, heavenly Father, as a living sacrifice. I choose not to be conformed to this world. Instead, I choose to be transformed by the renewing of my mind. I pray You to show me Your will. Help me to walk in Your way today. (Romans 12:1-2)

I am thankful, powerful God, that the weapons we fight with are not the weapons of this world, but have divine power to demolish strongholds, arguments, and every pretention that sets itself up against the knowledge of God. I take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ. (2 Corinthians 10:3-5)

Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.

James 4:7

Therefore, in my life today, I tear down the strongholds of Satan and smash the plans of evil that have been formed against me. I demolish the strongholds of Satan against my mind; and I surrender my mind to You, Holy Spirit. 

I affirm, heavenly Father, that You have not given me a spirit of fear but a spirit of power, love, and self-discipline. So, I break and smash the strongholds of Satan formed against my emotions today. I give my will to You. I choose to make right decisions of faith. I smash the strongholds of Satan formed against my body today; and I give my body to You, recognizing that I am Your sacred temple. (1 Corinthians 3:16, 6:19; Ephesians 2:19-22; 2 Timothy 1:9)

Heavenly Father, I pray now, and throughout this day, that You strengthen and enlighten me. Show me the ways that Satan is hindering, tempting, lying and distorting the truth in my life. Help me to be the kind of person that pleases You; to be aggressive in prayer and in faith; to think rightly; to actively practice Your Word; and, to give You Your rightful place in my life. (Matthew 4:1-11; 2 Corinthians 2:10-11, 11:14; 2 Thessalonians 2:9-10)

I now intentionally and volitionally cover myself with the life of the Lord Jesus Christ. I pray that You, blessed Holy Spirit, bring all the work of Christ’s crucifixion, resurrection, ascension, and all Your powerful work of Pentecost into my life today. (Acts 1:8)

I surrender myself to You, merciful God. I refuse to be discouraged, because You are the God of all hope. You have proven Your power by resurrecting Jesus from the dead. Therefore, I claim this victory over all evil and satanic forces in my life. I pray all of this in the Name and through the blood of the Lord Jesus Christ with thanksgiving.  Amen. (Romans 5:1-6, 15:13; 2 Thessalonians 2:16-17; Titus 2:11-14; 1 Peter 1:21)