Tag: power and authority

When Things Are Screwy (Esther 3:1-15)

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality Blog, Daily Bible Reading Blog, Year BLeave a comment

After these events, King Xerxes honored Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, elevating him and giving him a seat of honor higher than that of all the other nobles. All the royal officials at the king’s gate knelt down and paid honor to Haman, for the king had commanded this concerning him. But Mordecai would not kneel down or pay him honor.

Then the royal officials at the king’s gate asked Mordecai, “Why do you disobey the king’s command?” Day after day they spoke to him but he refused to comply. Therefore they told Haman about it to see whether Mordecai’s behavior would be tolerated, for he had told them he was a Jew.

When Haman saw that Mordecai would not kneel down or pay him honor, he was enraged. Yet having learned who Mordecai’s people were, he scorned the idea of killing only Mordecai. Instead Haman looked for a way to destroy all Mordecai’s people, the Jews, throughout the whole kingdom of Xerxes.

In the twelfth year of King Xerxes, in the first month, the month of Nisan, the pur (that is, the lot) was cast in the presence of Haman to select a day and month. And the lot fell on[a] the twelfth month, the month of Adar.

Then Haman said to King Xerxes, “There is a certain people dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom who keep themselves separate. Their customs are different from those of all other people, and they do not obey the king’s laws; it is not in the king’s best interest to tolerate them. If it pleases the king, let a decree be issued to destroy them, and I will give ten thousand talents of silver to the king’s administrators for the royal treasury.”

So the king took his signet ring from his finger and gave it to Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews. “Keep the money,” the king said to Haman, “and do with the people as you please.”

Then on the thirteenth day of the first month the royal secretaries were summoned. They wrote out in the script of each province and in the language of each people all Haman’s orders to the king’s satraps, the governors of the various provinces and the nobles of the various peoples. These were written in the name of King Xerxes himself and sealed with his own ring. 

Dispatches were sent by couriers to all the king’s provinces with the order to destroy, kill and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—on a single day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, and to plunder their goods. A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued as law in every province and made known to the people of every nationality so they would be ready for that day.

The couriers went out, spurred on by the king’s command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was bewildered. (New International Version)

A Purim mask of Haman, by Mimi Gross, 1964

I don’t like arrogant people. I don’t like those who only think of themselves, and expect others to fall in line with them, too! It’s unlikely that an arrogant person would be reading or listening to this, namely because such individuals believe they are above the menial task of reading – unless it gets them more attention and/or power.

I don’t like Haman. The story clearly sets up Haman as the antagonist. He is a number one jerk in the first degree. Having a front row seat to his manipulative ways with the king arouses our sense of justice and injustice. Mordecai was the one person who saw Haman for who he is; so, if Haman couldn’t cajole and control Mordecai, he was determined to do him in, permanently.

It’s interesting that the royal command that people bow to Haman, follows the command that men are the lord of their homes. That doesn’t sound very “complimentary” to me. Haman wanted a strict hierarchical structure, with himself at the top.

It is consistent of the arrogant authoritarian person to not stop with wanting Mordecai out of the way, but also to lay plans for all of Mordecai’s people, the Jews, to be destroyed.

Because of Haman’s arrogant anger, he sought to enlist the king in his sinister plan. Every authoritarian dictator throughout history has scapegoated an entire race of people through rewriting history. Haman spun the Jewish people as a constant historical problem.

Using generalities and twisted truth, Haman depicted Jewish life as one long continuous rebellion against governmental authority. Note that Haman did not produce any hard evidence to his claims.

If this weren’t bad enough, Haman appealed to the king through the promise of financial gain with a plan of ridding the empire of Jews. The king let Haman go ahead with the plan, while keeping his own hands clean from the affair.

Thus, it was decreed that on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the people of the empire were to rise up against the Jews and wipe them off the face of the earth. No one was to be spared. And the Jews could be plundered.

So, King Xerxes and Haman went back to drinking and having a good time, neither being aware nor caring that the entire plan is insane and nonsensical – which is why we get the picture of the city’s citizens looking at one another quizzically… “Huh!?”

The story’s stage is set for the protagonist, Esther, to enter. Yet, we need to sit with this terrible situation for a while, and not rush to the conclusion of the narrative. That’s because the ancient Jews had to sit with this for an agonizing stretch of time, knowing that the actual day of their demise was on the calendar.

There would not be the centuries old Jewish celebration of Purim without this tension. Yes, the awful suffering would eventually end in glorious joy. However, there would not be such joy apart from the grinding circumstance of facing extinction.

Another way of putting this: There cannot be a resurrection without a crucifixion. There must be suffering before glory. When things are screwy, we have only our faith to cling to.

The wise person will ponder these things and take them to heart.

Do not forget us, your people, O Lord.
Be present to us in the time of our distress and grant us courage.
Save us by Your power, and come to our aid,
for I am alone and have no one but You on whom to depend. Amen.

Divine Providence (Esther 1:1-20)

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality Blog, Daily Bible Reading Blog, Year BLeave a comment
The Refusal of Vashti, by Gustave Doré (1832-1883)

These events happened in the days of King Xerxes, who reigned over 127 provinces stretching from India to Ethiopia. At that time Xerxes ruled his empire from his royal throne at the fortress of Susa. In the third year of his reign, he gave a banquet for all his nobles and officials. He invited all the military officers of Persia and Media as well as the princes and nobles of the provinces. The celebration lasted 180 days—a tremendous display of the opulent wealth of his empire and the pomp and splendor of his majesty.

When it was all over, the king gave a banquet for all the people, from the greatest to the least, who were in the fortress of Susa. It lasted for seven days and was held in the courtyard of the palace garden. The courtyard was beautifully decorated with white cotton curtains and blue hangings, which were fastened with white linen cords and purple ribbons to silver rings embedded in marble pillars. Gold and silver couches stood on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and other costly stones.

Drinks were served in gold goblets of many designs, and there was an abundance of royal wine, reflecting the king’s generosity. By edict of the king, no limits were placed on the drinking, for the king had instructed all his palace officials to serve each man as much as he wanted.

At the same time, Queen Vashti gave a banquet for the women in the royal palace of King Xerxes.

On the seventh day of the feast, when King Xerxes was in high spirits because of the wine, he told the seven eunuchs who attended him—Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas—to bring Queen Vashti to him with the royal crown on her head. He wanted the nobles and all the other men to gaze on her beauty, for she was a very beautiful woman. But when they conveyed the king’s order to Queen Vashti, she refused to come. This made the king furious, and he burned with anger.

He immediately consulted with his wise advisers, who knew all the Persian laws and customs, for he always asked their advice. The names of these men were Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan—seven nobles of Persia and Media. They met with the king regularly and held the highest positions in the empire.

“What must be done to Queen Vashti?” the king demanded. “What penalty does the law provide for a queen who refuses to obey the king’s orders, properly sent through his eunuchs?”

Memucan answered the king and his nobles, “Queen Vashti has wronged not only the king but also every noble and citizen throughout your empire. Women everywhere will begin to despise their husbands when they learn that Queen Vashti has refused to appear before the king. Before this day is out, the wives of all the king’s nobles throughout Persia and Media will hear what the queen did and will start treating their husbands the same way. There will be no end to their contempt and anger.

“So if it please the king, we suggest that you issue a written decree, a law of the Persians and Medes that cannot be revoked. It should order that Queen Vashti be forever banished from the presence of King Xerxes, and that the king should choose another queen more worthy than she. When this decree is published throughout the king’s vast empire, husbands everywhere, whatever their rank, will receive proper respect from their wives!”

The king and his nobles thought this made good sense, so he followed Memucan’s counsel. (New Living Translation)

Vashti Refuses, by Richard McBee

The Jews were living in exile. The Babylonian Empire had taken Jerusalem, destroyed the temple, and exiled many of the people to Babylon. Later, the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon and ruled over a vast area of many different peoples.

The story of Esther begins with the story of King Xerxes and Queen Vashti. They were the most powerful people in the world, at that time. This meant that Vashti had more power and authority than any woman on earth, at that time.

Although most women had few rights, Vashti was not one of them. However, when it came to the king, the queen was most definitely second fiddle.

Today, we can understand Vashti’s response to Xerxes. But back then, it was unthinkable. It wasn’t only Xerxes who ruled the land; misogyny did, as well.

Queen Vashti appears in the story as a strong-willed independent woman of power. While the king and queen were each having their respective parties, things started to go sideways.

No limits on the bar meant unlimited drinking. A drunk King Xerxes had one of those moments that seemed logical to the inebriated mind, but was actually nonsensical. He insisted that his queen stop her celebration, leave her guests, get all gussied up in her royal accoutrements, and parade around for a bunch of drunk guys to gawk at.

As readers of the story, we can tell this is not going to have a good ending for Vashti. She was in an impossible situation. She could submit and face humiliation, or worse. So, the queen chose not to abide by the king’s order.

Little did Vashti know that she was paving the way for a new queen to ascend to the side of King Xerxes. The extreme action of Xerxes attempting to use his queen then turned into another action of consulting his advisors and deposing the queen. Vashti was banned from the court, and the kingdom.

Hence, events were set in motion to find a new queen. As the story unfolds, Esther is a young Jewish woman living in this forced diaspora of the Persian Empire. Little did she know that Vashti’s fall was the beginning of her own rise.

“So the last will be first, and the first will be last.”

Jesus (Matthew 20:16)

Although the story of Esther never mentions the word “God,” we see an incredible Providence guiding events through the biblical book of Esther. Young Esther found favor with the king, became queen, and risked her life to save the Jewish people from destruction.

Esther’s story is the Jewish story – a tale of others pronouncing pogroms upon them and attempting to rid themselves of these others who live strangely and differently. But a champion arises; one who bring deliverance.

The Jewish story is one of resilience as a people throughout the millennia. Rather than ignoring, or worse, persecuting Jews, we can observe how they have had to deal with the enduring issues of perseverance through suffering; preserving their identity; and ensuring their survival in the middle of social and cultural pressures.

We also see that just because one is in the courts of power and is not one of the peoples who is persecuted, does not necessarily mean that there is an exemption from harm. Vashti was a powerful woman, but her power didn’t last.

In the end, Vashti was treated more like an oppressed Jew than a privileged Gentile; and Esther would move from powerless to powerful.

And from a Christian perspective, we can see Jesus as the Savior who puts himself at risk to save the world from sin, death, and hell.

And let us run with perseverance the race marked out for us, fixing our eyes on Jesus, the pioneer and perfecter of faith. (Hebrews 12:1b-2a, NIV)

We can, as well, observe that God is not fazed by any big earthly political power. The Lord sees all, knows all, and has the authority to do something about injustice and accomplishing just purposes on this earth.

O God, your never-failing providence sets in order all things both in heaven and earth: Put away from us, we entreat you, all hurtful things, and give us those things which are profitable for us; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

Confronting the Evil in Front of Us (Mark 6:14-29)

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality Blog, Daily Bible Reading Blog, Year BLeave a comment
St. John the Baptist rebuking Herod, by Giovanni Fattori (1825-1908)

King Herod heard of it, for Jesus’s name had become known. Some were saying, “John the baptizer has been raised from the dead, and for this reason these powers are at work in him.” But others said, “It is Elijah.” And others said, “It is a prophet, like one of the prophets of old.” But when Herod heard of it, he said, “John, whom I beheaded, has been raised.”

For Herod himself had sent men who arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife, because Herod had married her. For John had been telling Herod, “It is not lawful for you to have your brother’s wife.” 

And Herodias had a grudge against him and wanted to kill him. But she could not, for Herod feared John, knowing that he was a righteous and holy man, and he protected him. When he heard him, he was greatly perplexed, and yet he liked to listen to him. 

But an opportunity came when Herod on his birthday gave a banquet for his courtiers and officers and for the leaders of Galilee. When his daughter Herodias came in and danced, she pleased Herod and his guests, and the king said to the girl, “Ask me for whatever you wish, and I will give it.” And he swore to her, “Whatever you ask me, I will give you, even half of my kingdom.” 

She went out and said to her mother, “What should I ask for?” She replied, “The head of John the baptizer.” Immediately she rushed back to the king and requested, “I want you to give me at once the head of John the Baptist on a platter.” The king was deeply grieved, yet out of regard for his oaths and for the guests, he did not want to refuse her. 

Immediately the king sent a soldier of the guard with orders to bring John’s head. He went and beheaded him in the prison, brought his head on a platter, and gave it to the girl. Then the girl gave it to her mother. When his disciples heard about it, they came and took his body and laid it in a tomb. (New Revised Standard Version)

Feast of Herod with the Beheading of St John the Baptist, in the Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

The earthly life and mission of Jesus was connected to the social and political affairs of Judea and the Roman Empire. In truth, Christ’s impact is never only ethereal; rather, it smacks against every system and organization in this world.

John the Baptist’s death was closely connected to Christ’s mission and ministry; and it was also a result of the social and political forces John was subjected to. This would explain why Herod thought of Jesus as a resurrected John, after killing him. Both the messages of John and Jesus were met with resistance by the powers that be.

Marriages in the ancient world, especially among governmental officials, were primarily political affairs, and not love arrangements. The more authority and power a person had, the greater the political implications and impact there was. And marriage was one way of consolidating more power.

Herod’s marriage to Herodias may have been politically expedient, but was ethically repugnant, and John let him know about it. Herod was both a Jew and a Roman official, with his actual allegiance being to himself.

Herodias considered John as politically repugnant and found it unethically expedient to silence him once and for all when she had the opportunity. John the Baptist discovered first-hand that hell hath no fury like a woman’s scorn. Herodias hated him and waited for an opportune time to be rid of him once and for all.

But not only did Herodias orchestrate John’s demise, she did it in a way that sought to humiliate him. To die in battle at the hand of an enemy soldier was an honorable death; but to be executed because of a woman’s handiwork was a mark of shame.

Anyone who lives for God and speaks truth to power will nearly always suffer deep consequences. Hence, this is why a great many prophets ended up dead, often by tortuous methods – including Jesus and nearly all his original disciples.

Unfortunately, there are individuals in this world who are incapable of doing good.

Whenever such persons talk a good line, or do a good deed, it’s always in the service of a larger evil agenda. They often end up in positions of authority, simply because they have no scruples and will lie to you with a straight face.

And they will do anything to not only hold on to their power, but to acquire more so that they can be in control of everything around them. Of course, the people around such a person are miserable. They typically feel powerless to change the situation.

So, if there’s going to be transformation, there will need to be a prophet – someone like John the Baptist – who has the courage to speak truth to power and remind the world that God is the sovereign of the universe.

The Gospel writer Mark presents Herodias as a person with influence and power who only cares about her own interests. She had no scruples in using her daughter for malevolent purposes.

Whereas the young daughter of the synagogue ruler Jairus was (earlier in Mark’s account) raised to life by Jesus, in today’s story the young daughter of Herodias became the vehicle of a grisly murder. And, of all things, it’s this girl who brought the severed head of John the Baptist on a platter to her mother.

We are meant to see the impact and consequence when those in power have self-centered objectives and dark hearts. This is in direct contrast to both Jesus Christ and John the Baptist, both of whom gave their lives for that which is right, just, and good.

God’s mercy and redemption will eventually overwhelm all of creation. The cross and resurrection of Christ have won the victory over evil. Yet, until Christ returns, the dark forces of this old world know their time is short; and they are doing everything they can to throw a monkey wrench into the benevolent machine of grace, before the demonic forces themselves are thrown into the pit forever.

Christian mission and ministry was never designed to be easy nor pain-free. But it is meant to bring hope, love, redemption, peace, and satisfaction to all who believe.

Christ has connected himself to us. Let’s keep that gracious connection going by doing what is right and living a good and just life, and confronting the evil in front of us – to the glory of God. Amen.

It Is Not Yet My Time (John 7:1-9)

On By Tim EhrhardtIn Christian Spirituality Blog, Daily Bible Reading Blog, Year BLeave a comment

Later Jesus was going about his business in Galilee. He didn’t want to travel in Judea because the Jews there were looking for a chance to kill him. It was near the time of Tabernacles, a feast observed annually by the Jews.

His brothers said, “Why don’t you leave here and go up to the Feast so your disciples can get a good look at the works you do? No one who intends to be publicly known does everything behind the scenes. If you’re serious about what you are doing, come out in the open and show the world.” His brothers were pushing him like this because they didn’t believe in him either.

Jesus came back at them, “Don’t pressure me. This isn’t my time. It’s your time—it’s always your time; you have nothing to lose. The world has nothing against you, but it’s up in arms against me. It’s against me because I expose the evil behind its pretensions. You go ahead, go up to the Feast. Don’t wait for me. I’m not ready. It’s not the right time for me.”

He said this and stayed on in Galilee. (The Message)

For some Jews in the ancient world, if the Messiah were to come, it would certainly happen in the most celebrated month of the Jewish year (Tishri, in the Fall season).

The New Year celebration happens on the first and second of the month; the Day of Atonement on the tenth day (Yom Kippur); and leads to the joyous celebration of the fifteenth to twenty-second days in the Festival of Tabernacles (Booths or Shelters, also known as “Sukkot”).

That is the time of year in which faithful followers of God leave their homes and live in temporary shelters. It serves as a powerful reminder of their deliverance and divine preservation in the wilderness. It’s a celebration of the harvest, a time to remember the Israelites’ journey through the Sinai desert and God’s protection throughout that time. 

This festival also symbolizes unity and inclusivity, and looks forward to the Messianic age when all nations will come to Jerusalem to worship God.

The Feast of Tabernacles, by Bible Art

So, it only made sense to the people who knew Jesus, that he would want to make a big splash during the month of Tishri – a time of high celebration where everyone is together, recalling God’s gracious actions.

Christ’s own family were insistent that he take advantage of the festival’s timing and clearly show himself to the world. But Jesus wasn’t having it. Why not?

Jesus responded that it is not yet his time. By that he meant it wasn’t the right festival season. The timing of Christ would be for Passover, not Tabernacles. His role was not as the Divine Warrior who would beat up the Romans and establish an earthly rule in the vein of King David.

Instead, Christ’s purpose was to take on the role of the Suffering Servant, the dying Messiah. A joyous public spectacle during Tabernacles to announce deliverance from Roman oppression was not the reason he came to this earth.

Jesus had no intention of being pressed into something that wasn’t his understanding of God’s will.

Indeed, Christ’s time of glorification would come. But at the time of Tabernacles, when the feelings of the people were drawn to Jesus, and expectations were high for divine deliverance from Gentile rule, a capitulation to the crowd would be akin to the devil’s temptation of throwing himself from the Temple, so that everyone could see the Jewish Superman in action.

Jesus is not that sort of Messiah. Ostentatious displays of power and authority were not his path for the people’s salvation. That is the way of the world, not heaven; it’s the concrete road of the proud, not the dirt path of the humble.

Evil needed to be dealt with, once and for all – and not only for the sake of the Jews, but for all creation. And it had to have to divine effectiveness, not a worldly solution.

It still remains yet to this very day, that those with unbelief demand a strong leader and a powerful sign of authority. They want a take-charge sort of person who looks good and has style.

Such worldly-minded persons insist that the strong leader get out there and have lots of exposure. Pay attention to the optics, and engender supreme confidence in others. Engage and change the situation with all of the proven tactics of the world’s power base.

Yet those who truly believe, discern that life does not consist of grand imperial displays of opulent strength and worldly control. Rather, the heavenly virtues of wisdom, patience, and a settled hope surround them. They pay no attention to bombastic pronouncements and empty promises.

The believer is able to see Jesus for who he truly is, and not for what they want him to be.

In other words, up is down, first is last, suffering before celebration. These are not the ways of the unbelieving world; they are the practices of the faithfully devoted ones.

Even though Christ’s brothers strongly urged him to openly show himself in an ancient version of mass marketing, Jesus patently forsook it. He was not seeking to enhance his own reputation, to get his brand recognition out there and impress the crowd.

Jesus Christ will only act as his heavenly Father commands and wills him to – even if his own family want him to do different.

And that is why the world “hates” Jesus. Because he will neither operate according to, nor submit to, its prevailing cultural, political, and familial standards. Pride mocks humility. Arrogance disdains the meek and gentle. Worldly strength wants nothing to do with any sort of perceived weakness.

Metamorphosis of Narcissus, by Salvador Dali, 1937

Yet, the world does not realize that ultimate power, control, and authority comes not through public shows of toughness, but by private practices which embrace spiritual disciplines and knowing oneself.

I myself have no stomach for the supposed follower of Christ who merely seeks to honor Jesus in order to make the Name of Jesus serve their own name’s purpose.

And I gag every time I observe the self-centered leader try and act as if they care for important things, when in reality their only concern is self. Their worldly actions and attitudes betray their true feelings and purpose.

“It is better to incur the world’s hatred, by testifying against its wickedness, than gain its good will by going down the stream with them.”

Matthew Henry

We live in a world of indecision; there is no real decisive action which champions the common good of all citizens. We stick our finger in the air to see which way the wind is blowing. Our insecurity as a people is profound and palpable.

We seem incapable of sound and just public decision-making, let alone making personal choices which foster and engender spiritual and emotional growth.

This world is in desperate need of good, right, and just people who will faithfully occupy places and positions of trust. For me, that means following the narrow way of Jesus, and not the broad highway of destruction paved by narcissistic leaders.

Do you and I have the courage to take a hard look at ourselves, our relationships, and most of all, Jesus? Will we seek discernment as to what is really the world, and what is truly the words and ways of Jesus? Can we gain a sense of divine timing?

Almighty and ever-living God, ruler of all things in heaven and earth: Strengthen the faithful, arouse the careless, and restore the penitent. Grant us all things necessary for our common life, and bring us all to be of one heart and mind within your holy Church; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.