Showing Kindness (Ruth 2:10-14)

Calling in the Gleaners, by Jules Breton, 1859

Then she fell prostrate, with her face to the ground, and said to him, “Why have I found favor in your sight, that you should take notice of me, when I am a foreigner?” But Boaz answered her, “All that you have done for your mother-in-law since the death of your husband has been fully told me, how you left your father and mother and your native land and came to a people that you did not know before. May the Lord reward you for your deeds, and may you have a full reward from the Lord, the God of Israel, under whose wings you have come for refuge!” Then she said, “May I continue to find favor in your sight, my lord, for you have comforted me and spoken kindly to your servant, even though I am not one of your servants.”

At mealtime Boaz said to her, “Come here and eat some of this bread and dip your morsel in the sour wine.” So she sat beside the reapers, and he heaped up for her some parched grain. She ate until she was satisfied, and she had some left over. (New Revised Standard Version)

Ruth and her mother-in-law Naomi were widows, living in the land of Moab. But Naomi decided to go back to Judah, to her hometown of Bethlehem. She and her husband had originally left because of a great famine.

Naomi had encouraged Ruth to remain in her own country, among her own people. But Ruth insisted on remaining and being with Naomi. But just because the two of them had each other, and they were in Naomi’s native land, it did not mean things were going to be easy or better.

The truth was that that Ruth and Naomi had next to nothing. It was common that during the harvest, the less fortunate folk would walk a ways behind the workers who were gleaning the fields, in order to pick up what was left behind.

Picking up after the workers in the field is precisely what Ruth went out to do. Naomi was too old for the work, so it was up to Ruth. The field that Ruth ended up walking, belonged to a man named Boaz.

Depending upon the owner of the land, the poor folk who came to walk the fields were treated either with kindness or contempt. Boaz was the sort of person who was attentive to God’s law, and sought to do what was right. He knew what Torah said:

“‘When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. Leave them for the poor and for the foreigner residing among you. I am the Lord your God.’” (Leviticus 23:22, NIV)

Boaz had taken notice of Ruth. He approached her and told her to remain in his field and stay close to his workers. Boaz also commented to Ruth that he instructed the young men working for him to leave her alone and not bother her. He let Ruth know that she could drink from the vessels appropriated for his laborers.

This was a kindness which was overwhelming to Ruth. As a foreigner and a widow, she was not expecting anything from anyone in Judah. And yet, here is this man extending mercy to her.

One of the reasons Boaz showed kindness to Ruth is because he had heard about her commitment to Naomi, and admired her courage and spunk in coming to a land which was not her own.

Indeed, the picture we gain is that Ruth was a modest and faithful person, upright, diligent, and full of kindness. She understood who she was, where she was, and she was willing to do whatever she could for the sake of her dear mother-in-law.

Ruth had faith that Naomi would lead her well, and to a life of commitment to both God and God’s people. Ruth’s bravery and willingness to submit to Naomi is a beautiful portrayal of faith, hope, and love.

We can be inspired from such courage. For we, too, must take risks and allow ourselves to venture out into places we aren’t familiar with.

We will do well to understand that it was Ruth’s willingness to act, and her commitment to the life she chose, that helped bring about a family and an adopted community which she did not think possible.

It would be good for each of us to take the time to get a long look at our own lives. We must decide what risks we will take, and which things to avoid, and then go out in faith and perform those actions to the best of our ability, and with the grace which God grants us.

In stepping out and acting with kindness and commitment, Ruth discovered God’s care when she and Naomi were in poverty.

The blameless spend their days under the Lord’s care,
    and their inheritance will endure forever.
In times of disaster they will not wither;
    in days of famine they will enjoy plenty. (Psalm 37:18-19, NIV)

Boaz eventually found the blessing of family through his own act of kindness toward Ruth. He was well-off and had plenty, yet he used his privilege to bless others.

Command those who are rich in this present world not to be arrogant nor to put their hope in wealth, which is so uncertain, but to put their hope in God, who richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment. Command them to do good, to be rich in good deeds, and to be generous and willing to share. In this way they will lay up treasure for themselves as a firm foundation for the coming age, so that they may take hold of the life that is truly life. (1 Timothy 6:17-19, NIV)

So, whether we are poor or rich, underprivileged or privileged, we all can find ways to show kindness and live on this earth in peace and goodwill.

How, then, will you live?

O Lord, give me strength today to show kindness in all that I do. Help me to open my arms to those less fortunate and extend my hand to those who may need it, so that they may see You in my kind words and actions. Amen.

Wise Living Is Clean Living (Proverbs 15:1-17)

A gentle answer quiets anger, but a harsh one stirs it up.

When wise people speak, they make knowledge attractive, but stupid people spout nonsense.

The Lord sees what happens everywhere; he is watching us, whether we do good or evil.

Kind words bring life, but cruel words crush your spirit.

It is foolish to ignore what your parents taught you; it is wise to accept their correction.

Righteous people keep their wealth, but the wicked lose theirs when hard times come.

Knowledge is spread by people who are wise, not by fools.

The Lord is pleased when good people pray, but hates the sacrifices that the wicked bring him.

The Lord hates the ways of evil people, but loves those who do what is right.

If you do what is wrong, you will be severely punished; you will die if you do not let yourself be corrected.

Not even the world of the dead can keep the Lord from knowing what is there; how then can we hide our thoughts from God?

Conceited people do not like to be corrected; they never ask for advice from those who are wiser.

When people are happy, they smile, but when they are sad, they look depressed.

Intelligent people want to learn, but stupid people are satisfied with ignorance.

The life of the poor is a constant struggle, but happy people always enjoy life.

Better to be poor and fear the Lord than to be rich and in trouble.

Better to eat vegetables with people you love than to eat the finest meat where there is hate. (Good News Translation)

Here is today’s Proverbs lesson in my own colloquial words:

A calm and kind response sucks the anger out of the room, but hot-headed words set the place on hellfire.

A level-headed person gives helpful answers, but a know-it-all only keeps on babbling nonsense.

Just because you cannot see God, doesn’t mean that God cannot see you, both the good and the bad.

Kind words given to another person are life-giving, but unkind words catapulted at a person ends up crushing their spirit.

You can tell a fool by how their refusal to accept counsel from their parents, but a wise person freely receives parental instruction.

Wise folk understand they need to save for a rainy day, but fools spend everything they have, then wonder why they’re in dire straits.

Wisdom and common sense are akin to one another; foolishness and nonsense are two peas in a pod.

The Lord perks up when the righteous pray, but does a face palm when the wicked offer up anything.

The ways of evil people make the Lord nauseous, but the way of the righteous is delightful to God.

A stupid dog doesn’t live very long, because he won’t heed his training or learn from any natural consequences.

If God can see everything that goes on with death and destruction, why would not the Lord see all things within your own heart?

Prickly people won’t listen to advice, and they refuse to consult anyone when making decisions.

Truthful persons smile when they’re happy and frown when they’re sad, but falsehood smiles when it’s sad and frowns when it’s happy.

Learners are curious about life, but ignorant folk only feed on tabloid information.

Once in survival mode, it’s hard to ever get out of it; but those who thrive have learned how to be content in any circumstance.

It’s a whole lot better to be poor and right with God, than to be rich and on the wrong side of the Lord.

Peanut butter sandwiches eaten on the floor with love are much more delicious than eating a filet mignon with hatred around the table.

Our words reflect what is truly the attitude of our heart. And our attitudes betray what we actually think about God and others.

If you drop a foolish person into a roomful of people, it’s like putting a rotten egg in with the rest of the eggs when making an omelet. Or, to put it according to an old adage, “One bad apple spoils the whole bushel basket of them.”

This is why it’s the responsibility of everyone to develop wisdom and a virtuous life. A faith community, a neighborhood, a workplace, a family, or any group of people are adversely affected whenever there’s one arrogant fool amongst them.

But just as he who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do; for it is written: “Be holy, because I am holy.” (1 Peter 1:15-16, NIV)

It only takes one drop of arsenic to ruin a gallon of water and make it undrinkable. And if you choose to drink it anyway, well, you’ll suffer the consequences.

And this is why purity of heart, righteousness, justice, and goodness are so very important. It’s also why holiness is placed as a premium in Holy Scripture, because impurity ruins the community and defiles any group of people.

For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure; then peace-loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial and sincere. Peacemakers who sow in peace reap a harvest of righteousness. (James 3:16-18, NIV)

Wise living is clean living, in every sense of a person’s complete self – in body, mind, emotions, and spirit. The Book of Proverbs can help us with that.

O God, by whom the meek are guided in judgment, and light rises up in darkness for the godly: Grant us, in all our doubts and uncertainties, the grace to ask what you would have us to do, so that the Spirit of wisdom may save us from all false choices, and that in your light we may see light, and in your straight path may not stumble. Amen.

Learn a Lesson from Conflict (2 Samuel 10:13-19)

David Attacks the Ammonites, by Gustave Doré, 1866

Then Joab and the troops with him advanced to fight the Arameans, and they fled before him. When the Ammonites realized that the Arameans were fleeing, they fled before Abishai and went inside the city. So Joab returned from fighting the Ammonites and came to Jerusalem.

After the Arameans saw that they had been routed by Israel, they regrouped. Hadadezer had Arameans brought from beyond the Euphrates River; they went to Helam, with Shobak the commander of Hadadezer’s army leading them.

When David was told of this, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan and went to Helam. The Arameans formed their battle lines to meet David and fought against him. But they fled before Israel, and David killed seven hundred of their charioteers and forty thousand of their foot soldiers. He also struck down Shobak the commander of their army, and he died there. When all the kings who were vassals of Hadadezer saw that they had been routed by Israel, they made peace with the Israelites and became subject to them.

So the Arameans were afraid to help the Ammonites anymore. (New International Version)

Outward Conflict with Ammon

You would think that showing basic human kindness to another would always end well… Yet, not always. And King David found that out, the hard way.

David, having become king of Judah and Israel, demonstrated that his reign would be characterized by extending the sort of mercy and kindness that is characteristic of God.

Whereas David’s kindness was most often accepted, when it came to King Hanun and the Ammonites, it was misunderstood and rejected. The Ammonites humiliated King David’s sent ambassadors.

The delegation wanted to express David’s condolences to Hanun in the event of his father’s death. Then, after the Ammonites saw that King David was upset about how his ambassadors were treated, they mobilized a mercenary force of Arameans with Hadadezer leading the charge.

Both the Ammonites and the Arameans underestimated the experience and skill of the Israelite army under their commander Joab. Even though Joab was outnumbered, he conceived of a strategy that evened the odds.

All of this conflict, with preparations for battle and an escalating war, came about because a king wanted to show kindness to another. Indeed, this can be a very messed-up world that we inhabit!

The result of it all is that the Ammonites and the Arameans were soundly defeated by a smaller, yet much stronger, army with King David at the head. The Arameans became subject to Israel, and the Ammonites were left slack-jawed, not knowing what hit them.

Inner Conflict with Oneself

So, here we have David, who like all of us, is a bundle of contradictions. On the one hand, King David had his heart set on showing kindness and reflecting the heart of God in his rule and reign. And on the other hand, David is a soldier and a man of blood, who does an awful lot of killing people in his lifetime.

King David is both a paragon of moral behavior, and an example of immoral living.

He did not lift a finger against his former king who was trying to kill him; and evidenced a tender spirit through musical skill and an ability to write the psalms and songs of Israel.

Statue of King David, Copenhagen, Denmark

Yet also, King David demonstrated for us some of the worst immorality, of which is clearly seen in the next few chapters of his story in the book of 2 Samuel. Throughout David’s adult life, he took thousands of human lives in battle.

He came to fame by beheading Goliath; made his mark in Israel by killing Philistines for King Saul; survived in the wilderness while Saul was trying to kill him by killing Amalekites; and secured Israel’s borders through an enormous amount of killing.

I won’t do to simply say that the people David killed had it coming to them, or that he did all the things he did for the sake of the nation. That sort of reductionism smacks of mental laziness and purposeful ignorance.

Coming to Grips with Conflict

At the least, it seems to me that we must accept the biblical narratives as they are, and not as we want them to be, whenever there is difficulty in understanding a story.

We have the human condition in front of us every time we read a scriptural story. Either making it all good, or all bad, just won’t do – because all of us, like David, are a bundle of contradictions and paradoxes that often don’t make sense.

It turns out that, throughout Holy Scripture, we find stories of people who are no better and no worse than we ourselves. The ancient persons, like David, are those for whom a gracious God chose to use and work through – despite either their sinning or their saintliness.

We get a glimpse of how things were and how the Lord operated through the people of the time in their own political, social, economic, and religious contexts.

God comes to us, not merely from the outside by simply mandating commands and imposing control, but enters our lives on the inside, taking us as we are and graciously working with and within us to accomplish good and just purposes on this earth.

And, as it turns out, God uses whomever God wants to use, without doing some sort of divine screening interviews to find out who the most moral candidate is available for the job.

If you are looking for a bottom line in all of this mayhem, then I believe it is this: God loves us. God is with us. And God holds us – all of us, with our maddening combinations of kindness and kookiness – to establish a truly right and benevolent world characterized by humility, gentleness, mercy, purity, and peace.

It’s a rather long and messy process of bringing in such a way of life, but God is patient and will take the centuries and even the millennia needed to accomplish it.

It’s Not All About Human Conflict

Although we are a flawed and fallible people, we are nevertheless God’s people. At the end of it all, we discover that none of this was really a story about Ammonites or Israelites or David or Joab or anyone else; it is actually a story about God – because God is both the object and subject of every biblical narrative.

And what we discover about God is that there are divine initiatives happening all the time which are meant to help us and save us from ourselves. The Lord is sovereign over all creation, and brings salvation despite what we do or don’t do.

God’s kindness – shown and expressed through our own human kindness – will eventually and always win the day.

Almighty and everlasting God, whose will it is to restore all things in your well beloved Son, the King of kings and Lord of lords: Mercifully grant that the peoples of the earth, divided and enslaved by sin, may be freed and brought together under his most gracious rule; who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen.

Be Careful How You Judge (2 Samuel 10:6-12)

Hanun humiliates David’s ambassadors, c.1240 C.E.

When the Ammonites realized that they had become obnoxious to David, they hired twenty thousand Aramean foot soldiers from Beth Rehob and Zobah, as well as the king of Maakah with a thousand men, and also twelve thousand men from Tob.

On hearing this, David sent Joab out with the entire army of fighting men. The Ammonites came out and drew up in battle formation at the entrance of their city gate, while the Arameans of Zobah and Rehob and the men of Tob and Maakah were by themselves in the open country.

Joab saw that there were battle lines in front of him and behind him; so he selected some of the best troops in Israel and deployed them against the Arameans. He put the rest of the men under the command of Abishai his brother and deployed them against the Ammonites. 

Joab said, “If the Arameans are too strong for me, then you are to come to my rescue; but if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will come to rescue you. Be strong, and let us fight bravely for our people and the cities of our God. The Lord will do what is good in his sight.” (New International Version)

Cockiness can get you into a lot of trouble. It’s one thing to exude confidence; and it’s another thing to act like a puffed up peacock and do stupid stuff because of arrogance. The Israelite general Joab had the former; the Ammonites the latter.

King David had sent envoys to Ammon in the event of a new Ammonite king taking the throne after his father’s death. David was in the groove of extending kindness and establishing himself as the sort of ruler who has a heart, as well as a head.

However, Hanun the Ammonite king, viewed the Israelite delegation of people in a negative light, believing they had malevolent motives for coming. So, the king’s officials “seized David’s envoys, shaved off half of each man’s beard, cut off their garments at the buttocks, and sent them away.” (2 Samuel 10:4)

Not the smartest move on the planet. Humiliating a group of Israelites sent by David was a bad idea. The Ammonites, understandably, were put immediately on King David’s naughty list. And they then responded by recruiting mercenaries to their side, getting the clue that David wasn’t about to stand for the offense against Israel.

So, the Ammonites hired the Arameans to help fight Israel. But they were no match for the shrewd and seasoned Jewish general Joab. The mercenaries were soundly defeated, really because of God’s sovereign intervention over the much larger force put together by the Ammonites.

This ancient animosity and relational haggling tends to reflect the human condition, even to this day. It’s easy to fall into misinterpretations and misunderstandings that lead to conflict.

A lot of biblical interpreters read between the lines of the story, and see less than altruistic motives on David’s part. That may or may not be true. The story simply has David sending a delegation to Ammon in the event of the Ammonite king’s death – with the reason stated that David wanted to show kindness, just as the previous king had done with him.

It’s characteristic of judgmental spirits to look for people who agree with them – whether those people are Ammonite royalty or Bible interpreters. We tend to see what we are familiar with and know – which is why the interpretive process can and does vary widely amongst scholars and readers alike.

The Ammonite court bought into a perception of King David. And based upon that view, they believed a course of action which included humiliating others and finding mercenaries was the proper way to proceed.

But those sorts of methods themselves ought to raise a red flag with us, and cause us to question the perceptions and judgments behind them.

The king of Ammon believed he was acting in the right, and the Ammonites sought to justify themselves as legitimately acting with violence because of an Israelite threat.

By taking a Christian perspective, I believe we can be encouraged, rather than react with questionable tactics toward others who humiliate us and spout verbal violence upon us. A theological worldview discerns that righteousness will prevail. Justice and righteousness may not happen soon, and maybe not even in our lifetime; yet, it will eventually overcome any and all evil.

Jesus was unjustly judged by others who believed he was in league with the devil and was opposed to the law of Moses. Righteousness did prevail, but not after a great deal of suffering, which included a cross and a death.

King David himself did not withdraw from the situation, nor did he ignore it. David faced his accusers and entrusted himself and his nation to the God who is right and just.

We need not withdraw or ignore others in the face of judgmentalism. And we also need not resort to the same methods and tactics of judgmental people.

Showing kindness is important, and it must not be dependent upon whether one will respond favorably to us, or not. Sometimes you will experience judgmental spirits, no matter what.

Furthermore, be careful of the way you interpret another’s words and actions, and also how you respond to others. Jesus said:

“Do not judge, or you too will be judged. For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.” (Matthew 7:1-2, NIV)

Those who love truth will tend to avoid snap judgments. God always makes a right judgment, and is the ultimate Judge of the universe. It is the Lord we need to please, and not any group of people.

A prayer of Thomas à Kempis (1380-1471):

Grant me, O Lord, to know what I ought to know,
To love what I ought to love,
To praise what delights You most,
To value what is precious in Your sight,
To hate what is offensive to You.
Do not suffer me to judge according to the sight of my eyes,
Nor to pass sentence according to the hearing of the ears of ignorant persons;
But to discern with a true judgment between things visible and spiritual,
And above all, always to inquire what is the good pleasure of Your will. Amen.